Authors

History

What kind of gladiator are you?

Gladiators have become one of the symbols of Ancient Rome. Answer eight questions and find out which type of arena warrior suits you best!

History

Dictatorship in Ancient Rome

The modern reader is likely to perceive the term "dictatorship" as synonymous with "despotism" and "tyranny," recalling the notorious regimes of the 20th century. However, for the Romans, this term was associated with entirely different things. Read historian Nikita Tsybikov's article on how the Romans perceived dictatorship, how it worked, and how it changed over time.

History

Under the Red Flag Against the Bolsheviks: The History of KOMUCH

In the public consciousness, the central conflict of the Russian Civil War is the confrontation between the "Reds" and the "Whites." Meanwhile, in 1918, representatives of socialist parties, primarily the Socialist Revolutionaries, who considered themselves the "true" revolutionaries, were at the forefront of anti-Bolshevik resistance in eastern Russia. Under their leadership, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (KOMUCH) was established in the Volga region, which historian Said Zalyaev discusses in his article.

Political science

State: History of the Concept

In his article, historian Said Zalyaev examines how the meaning of the concept of "state" transformed in Western Europe during the Modern Era from denoting the effectiveness of a ruler to defining an abstract political entity with territory and population. Additionally, the author traces the history of the Russian-language concept of "state" and compares it with Western European counterparts.

History

Volunteer and Revolutionary. An Attempt to Save the Russian Army in 1917

In 1917, the Russian army found itself in a deep crisis. Amidst the ongoing war, successive governments required unconventional methods to maintain combat readiness and revive military spirit. The response to the crisis was the concept of a volunteer revolutionary army, which was supposed to inspire regular units of conscripts and eventually replace them as the foundation for the armed forces. Read about the outcome of this experiment in the article by historian Konstantin Tarasov.

History

Imagology: A History of the Discipline

Imagology is a young academic discipline that studies how images of "other" ethnic and national communities are created, function, and are interpreted. Read historian Olga Berezina's article on how imagology originated and the differences between Western and Russian approaches to this discipline.

History

Weimar Republic Parties

The history of the Weimar Republic is inextricably linked with the history of the political parties that operated during that period. However, like the republic itself, these parties did not appear out of nowhere and did not disappear into oblivion. The roots of most of them lie in the Kaiserreich, and after a 12-year hiatus in the form of the Nazi dictatorship, most of them were reestablished or served as the basis for the creation of new parties that shaped the political life of both German states in the second half of the 20th century.

History

Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands)

The history of Weimar is largely the history of the Social Democrats: their successes and their failures. They were the ones who chose the character of the new regime: state continuity and parliamentary compromises or the Soviet left-radical alternative? The first leaders of the republic were Social Democrats, and the SPD remained the most popular party in the country until the summer of 1932. Ultimately, the crisis of the Social Democrats and their paralysis of will in the struggle for the republic became harbingers of its final collapse.

Architecture

Antique Heritage of Petersburg

The legacy of antiquity in St. Petersburg is great